- This is an index of data and statistics referred to on this site.
- References are in no particular order. The purpose is to provide the sources.
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Reference 1
There are 11.8 million people with a criminal record on the Police National Computer.
Source: Freedom of Information Act response, September 2020Reference 2
Less than 10% of people convicted are sentenced to prison.
Source: Ministry of Justice (2020) Criminal justice statistics quarterly, England and WalesReference 3
Around 1.2 million individuals are sentenced in courts every year.
Source: Ministry of Justice (2019) Criminal justice statistics quarterly, year ending 2018, England and WalesReference 4
In 2018, 69,400 people were cautioned. The number of people receiving cautions has fallen 79% since 2008.
Source: Ministry of Justice (2019) Criminal justice statistics quarterly, year ending 2018, England and WalesReference 5
Stable and secure employment plays a key role in former lawbreakers not only ‘going straight’ but ‘staying straight’ and reaching their true potential.
Source: Sampson, R.J. and Laub, J. (1995) ‘Understanding variability in lives through time: Contributions of life-course criminology’, Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 4: 143-158; Maruna S. (2001) Making Good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives. Washington: American Psychological AssociationReference 6
The UK Government’s Social Exclusion Unit reported that ‘employment reduces the risk of re-offending by between a third and a half’.
Source: Social Exclusion Unit (2002), Reducing re-offending by ex-prisoners, London: Office of the Deputy Prime MinisterReference 7
People with convictions make up a sizeable proportion of the unemployed population – 33% of Job Seekers Allowance claimants received a criminal record in the last ten years.
Source: Ministry of Justice and Department for Work and Pensions (2011) Offending, employment and benefits – emerging findings from the data linkage project, London: MOJ/DWPReference 8
People with convictions are the least likely ‘disadvantaged group’ to be employed – only 12% of employers have knowingly employed one in the last three years.
Source: CIPD (2010) Labour Market Outlook Summer 2010, London; CIPDReference 9
Over half of employers said disclosure of an unspent conviction would have a negative effect on their recruitment decision, even if the candidate was considered equal to other candidates in all other areas. Around a sixth stated that they would automatically exclude a candidate with a previous conviction.
Source: Working Links (2010) Prejudiced: Tagged for life – A research report into employer attitudes towards ex-offenders, London: Working LinksReference 10
Royal Mail has a blanket ban on applicants with unspent convictions for a range of offence categories – including non-payment of fares – citing the need to protect the ‘security of the mail and the public’.
Source: Royal Mail websiteReference 11
Nearly three quarters of large employers ask about criminal records at application stage
Source: Unlock (2018) A question of fairness: Research into employers asking about criminal records at application stageReference 12
Removing the ‘tick-box’ has shown to have a positive impact. ‘Banning the box’ has had success in the USA, led there by the National Employment Law Project. In the city of Minneapolis, where the City Council banned the box, 57.4% of applicants with convictions in the last seven years were hired (2007-08), compared to just 5.7% hired before the box was removed (2004-6).
Source: Article in the Star Advertiser
Reference 13
There were 1.2 million DBS checks in 2002 ; this rose to 3.9 million in 2013/14.
Source: Criminal Records Bureau (2003) Annual Report 2002-2003, Liverpool: CRB ; Disclosure and Barring Service (2014) Strategic Plan 2014-2017, Liverpool: DBSReference 14
No Registered Body has been de-registered as a result of submitting ineligible applications.
Source: Obtained via a Freedom of Information request by UnlockReference 15
75% of employers discriminate against applicants on the basis of a criminal record.
Source: Working Links (2010) Prejudged: Tagged for life, London: Working LinksReference 16
1 in 3 men (and one in 9 women) have a criminal record by the age of 56.
Source: Ministry of Justice (2010) Conviction histories of Offenders between the ages of 10 and 52, London: Ministry of JusticeReference 17
Over half of people with a criminal record would not apply for a job where they needed to disclose their criminal record – this is known as the “chilling-effect”.
Source: Business in the Community (2015) Finding work after prison – A survey into prisoners’ attitudes towards employment and the criminal record tick box, London: BITCReference 18
71% of people with convictions think that ticking ‘yes’ to a question about convictions would affect their chances of getting the job.
Source: Business in the Community (2015) Finding work after prison – A survey into prisoners’ attitudes towards employment and the criminal record tick box, London: BITCReference 19
Only 1 in 3 people said they would declare their criminal convictions when asked on an application form.
Source: Business in the Community (2015) Finding work after prison – A survey into prisoners’ attitudes towards employment and the criminal record tick box, London: BITCReference 20
There are around 5 million criminal record checks each year.
Source: This is based on information collated by Unlock in response to Freedom of Information requestsReference 21
Every year, over 240,000 criminal record checks disclose convictions or cautions.
Source: This is based on information collated by Unlock in response to Freedom of Information requestsReference 22
Of those employers that recruit people with convictions, 87% consider them to be at least as productive.
Source: CIPD survey, Employer attitudes towards ex-offenders, 2002Reference 23
47% of employers say that those they’ve recruited with convictions stayed for over 3 years.
Source: CIPD survey, Employer attitudes towards ex-offenders, 2002Reference 24
Re-offending is estimated to cost the UK around £18 billion every year.
Source: Ministry of Justice (2019) Economic and social costs of reoffending, London: Ministry of JusticeReference 25
Each re-offender costs the Ministry of Justice £65,000 annually
Source: Social Exclusion Unit (2002), Reducing re-offending by ex-prisoners, London: Office of the Deputy Prime MinisterReference 26
Two years after release from prison, 47% of individuals were receiving out-of-work benefits.
Source: Ministry of Justice/DWP (2011) Offending, employment and benefits – emerging findings from the data linkage project, London: MoJ/DWPReference 27
Of those employers who promote the fact that they employ people with convictions, around two-thirds (65%) report that it has had a positive impact on their corporate reputation.
Source: CIPD (2007), Employing ex-offenders to capture talent, London: CIPD
Reference 28
In a survey of 474 employers that recruited people with convictions, only 23 reported negative experiences (less than 5%).
Source: CIPD (2007) Survey report May 2007, London: CIPD
Reference 29
Among the 134 organisations that record positive experiences with people with convictions, the reasons given are that they settle into work well with colleagues (86%).
Source: CIPD (2007) Survey report May 2007, London: CIPD
Reference 30
Between March 2012 and February 2014, the DBS had written to counter signatories on 3,311 occasions under the Ineligible Applications Process, and 1,385 applications were subsequently not completed (42%).
Source: Response to a Freedom of Information request, issued 05/03/2014
Reference 31
In a 2010 survey, only 10% of employers said they would not consider employing ex-offenders, yet only 18% said they had knowingly employed someone they know to have convictions.
Source: Working Links (2010) Prejudged: Tagged for life, London, Working Links
Reference 32
Just over a quarter (27%) of people have a job to go to on release from prison. Nearly three-quarters of people are unemployed on release from prison.
Source: Table 8, Ministry of Justice (2015) National Offender Management Service annual report 2014/15: Management Information Addendum, London: Ministry of Justice
Reference 33
Nearly 80% of people make at least one benefit claim within a year of release.
Source: Ministry of Justice (2014) Experimental statistics from the 2013 MoJ /DWP /HMRC data share: Linking data on offenders with benefit, employment and income data, London: Ministry of Justice
Reference 34
People who obtain P45 employment during the year after release are less likely to reoffend. Rates are 9% lower for those with sentences under a year, and 6% lower for those with longer sentences.
Source: Ministry of Justice (2013) Analysis of the impact of employment on re-offending following release from custody, using propensity score matching, London: Ministry of Justice